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Email Authentication for Penetration Testers

When SPF is not enough

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Video duration
01:01:52
Language
English
Abstract
Forget look-alike domains, typosquatting and homograph attacks. In this talk we will discuss ways of forging perfect email counterfeits that (as far as recipients can tell) appear to be coming from well-known domain and successfully pass all checks on their way. Prime focus of this talk will be modern anti-spoofing strategies and the ways around them. Join us as we try to figure out answers to questions such as "Isn't SPF enough?", "Do I *really* need DMARC?" and "Does ticking all three (SPF, DKIM, DMARC) provide the best protection possible?" (answers to these questions are "no", "yes", "no" by the way).

Email security is poorly covered by a contemporary penetration testing curricula. In this talk I will argue that it leads to underreporting of email-related security issues during regular penetration tests or red team assignments. Getting clicks from (at least some) users is usually fairly easy, even with obviously fake domain names and email addresses, so penetration testers rarely need to do anything more fancy in order to achieve their objective.

While this highlights the need for user education, it misses common misconfiguration issues that might lead to much more devastating compromises and could instill false sense of security in (rare) cases that regular phishing attacks fail. Technically inclined users (such as developers, tech support or even SIEM analysts) are less likely than others to fall for phishing email originating from fake domain, but they are actually more likely to fall for email seemingly originating from real known-good source due to overconfidence.

In this talk we will see just how easy is it to send spoofed mail from arbitrary source address due to lack of protection for this scenario in original SMTP spec. We won't stop there however and our next object of focus will be contemporary anti-spoofing technologies (SPF, DKIM and DMARC). We will discuss motivation behind them, their technical limitations, weaknesses discovered in recent years as well as common misconfigurations. Attendees will gain knowledge about relevant protocols and technologies that should be applicable for identifying weaknesses in the architecture of their own email systems.

Talk ID
10730
Event:
36c3
Day
3
Room
Clarke
Start
2:10 p.m.
Duration
01:00:00
Track
Security
Type of
lecture
Speaker
Andrew Konstantinov
Talk Slug & media link
36c3-10730-email_authentication_for_penetration_testers

Talk & Speaker speed statistics

Very rough underestimation:
162.2 wpm
904.2 spm
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Talk & Speaker speed statistics with word clouds

Whole talk:
162.2 wpm
904.2 spm
exampleemailspfserverdkime-mailproblemdmarccasealiceaddressmailpenetrationheadersendingsmtpipheaderssendmessagebobrecipienteasyalice'sthingunderstandrecordorganizationsideenvelopegoodtesterstalkwon'tgooglebasicallyinsideautomaticallyoutgoingaddressesdnsorganizationsrfcinterestingsystemssenderincomingstuffincludespoof